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| Derivatization reagents for GC |
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| Purpose of derivatization |
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Improved volatility, better thermal stability or a lower limit of detection in GC |
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Prerequisite: quantitative, rapid and reproducible formation of only one derivative |
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Halogen atoms introduced by derivatization (e.g., trifluoroacetates) for specific detection (ECD) with the advantage of high sensitivity |
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Influence of elution orders and fragmentation patterns in MS by a specific derivatization |
Derivatization method development kits
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Designation / purpose |
Contents of the kit |
REF |
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Derivatization method development kit |
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which type of derivatization is best suited for
your sample (alkylation, acylation or silylation)? |
2 x 1 mL each of TMSH, MSTFA, MBTFA |
701952 |
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Acylation kit |
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which is the proper reagent for acylation? |
2 x 1 mL each of MBTFA, TFAA, MBHFBA |
701950 |
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Alkylation kit |
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which is the proper reagent for methylation? |
3 x 1 mL each of TMSH, DMF-DMA |
701951 |
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Silylation kit |
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which is the proper reagent for silylation? |
2 x 1 mL each of MSTFA, BSTFA, TSIM, MSHFBA |
701953 |
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| These products contain harmful substances which must be specially labeled as hazardous. For detailed information please see MSDS. |
Selection guide for derivatization of important functional groups in GC
| Function |
Method |
Derivative |
Recommended reagents |
Alcohols,
Phenols
R'OH |
silylation |
R'O – TMS |
BSA, MSTFA, MSHFBA, TSIM,
SILYL‑2110, SILYL-21, SILYL-1139 |
| acylation |
R'O – CO – R |
TFAA, HFBA, MBTFA, MBHFBA |
| alkylation |
R'O – R |
TMSH |
| sterically hindered |
silylation |
R'O – TMS |
TSIM, BSTFA, SILYL-991 |
Amines
primary, secondary |
silylation |
R' – NR" – TMS |
BSA, MSTFA, MSHFBA, SILYL-991 |
| acylation |
R' – NR" – CO – R |
TFAA, HFBA, MBTFA, MBHFBA |
| hydrochlorides |
silylation |
R' – NR" – TMS |
MSTFA |
| Amides |
silylation |
not stable |
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| acylation |
R' – CO – NH – CO – R |
TFAA, MBTFA, HFBA, MBHFBA |
| Amino acids |
silylation |
R' – CH(NH – TMS) – CO – O – TMS |
BSA, BSTFA, MSTFA, MSHFBA |
alkylation (a)
+ acylation (b) |
R' – CH(NH – CO-R) – CO – O – R |
a) MeOH/TMCS, TMSH
b) TFAA, HFBA, MBTFA, MBHFBA |
Carboxylic acids
(fatty acids) |
silylation |
R’ – CO – O – TMS
susceptible to hydrolysis |
BSA, MSTFA, MSHFBA, TMCS, TSIM,
SILYL-2110, SILYL-21, SILYL-1139 |
| alkylation |
R’ – CO – O – R |
DMF-DMA, MeOH / TMCS (1 M), TMSH |
| salts |
silylation |
R’ – CO – O – TMS
susceptible to hydrolysis |
TMCS |
| Carbohydrates |
silylation |
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MSTFA, TSIM, HMDS, SILYL-1139 |
| acylation |
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TFAA, MBTFA |
| Steroids |
silylation |
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BSA, TSIM |
| acylation |
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TFAA, MBTFA, HFBA, MBHFBA |
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