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Reagent
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Effect
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Comments
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Sodium phosphate
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Used in LEW and Elution buffer in order to buffer the solutions at pH 8
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50TED/IDA mM is recommended. The pH of any buffer should be adjusted to 8, although in some cases a pH between 7 and 8 can be used
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Tris
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Coordinates with Ni2+ ions, causing a decrease in capacity
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10TED/IDA mM may be used, sodium phosphate buffer is recommended
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Sodium Chloride
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Prevents ionic interactions and therefore unspecific binding
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Up to 2TED/IDA M can be used, at least 0.3 M should be used
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Imidazole
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Binds to immobilized Ni2+ ions
and competes with the polyhistidine-tagged proteins
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Should not be included in LEW buffer
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Urea
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Solubilizes protein
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Use 8TED/IDA M for purification under denaturing conditions
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GuHCl
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Solubilizes protein
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Up to 6TED/IDA M can be used
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ß-mercaptoethanol
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Prevents formation of disulfide bonds;
Can reduce Ni2+ ions at higher concentrations
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Up to 50TED/IDA mM in samples has been used successfully in some cases
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DTT, DTE
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Can reduce Ni2+ ions at higher concentrations
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Up to 10TED/IDA mM in samples has been used successfully in some cases
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Glutathione reduced
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Can reduce Ni2+ ions at higher concentrations
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Up to 30TED/IDA mM in samples has been used successfully in some cases
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Glycerol
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Prevents hydrophobic
interactions between proteins
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Up to 50TED/IDA % can be used.
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EDTA
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Coordinates with Ni2+ ions, causing a decrease in capacity
at higher concentrations
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Up to 10TED/1IDA mM in samples has been used successfully in some cases
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Ethanol
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Prevents hydrophobic interactions between proteins
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Up to 20TED/IDA % can be used; Ethanol may precipitate proteins, causing low flow rates and column clogging
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SDS
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Interacts with Ni2+ ions, causing a decrease in capacity
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Not recommended, but up to 0.2TED/0.5IDA % has been used successfully in some cases
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Triton, Tween
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Removes background proteins
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Up to 2TED/IDA % can be used
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Do not use buffers with pH> 8.4 since silica dissolves in solutions of high pH
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